Costs (costs, expenses) are a decrease in assets or an increase in liabilities (liabilities) or a combination of both in connection with the production and delivery of goods and services in the framework of the enterprise. The expenses associated with the implementation of capital and financial investments do not relate to the expenses of the enterprise.
Therefore, we calculate the expenses:
Expenses = (Assets, End of Period - Assets, Beginning of Period) +(Liabilities End of Period - Liabilities, Beginning of Period)=(23000-12000)+(9000-5000)=11000+4000=15000
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