Organic Chemistry Answers

In tomatoes, red fruit is dominant to yellow fruit and hairy stems are dominant to hairless (smooth) stems. The two genes controlling these traits are inherited in normal Mendelian fashion and are not linked.

a)   Produce a suitable key for this information in terms of the individual alleles of the genes given.                                                                                   

b)   What are the possible genotypes of plants showing the following forms:    

i)            Red fruit and smooth stems :   

ii)           Yellow fruit and hairy stems :     

Red fruit and hairy stems           

c)   On crossing a plant with red fruit and hairy stem, with one that was yellow fruit and hairy stem, the following progeny were obtained:

           30 red, hairy / 11 red, smooth / 29 yellow, hairy / 9 yellow, smooth

Give a reasoned explanation along with the use of full genetic diagrams to proof your answer, to explain these results in terms of the simultaneous transmission of characteristics.

Describe the process of catalytic reforming in the petroleum refining industry

Your answer must also include:

·    A balanced chemical equation, physical states included and reaction conditions stated

·    Examples of a product formed from catalytic reforming (in petroleum refining) and its use

State one chemical difference between OH in alkanols and OH in inorganic base

Show the condensation reactions between the following carboxylic acids and alcohols, using the structural formulas of the reactants and products

1. ethanoic acid + 2-propanol
2. ethanoic acid + 1-pentanol
3. butanoic acid + ethanol
4. butanoic acid + 2-propanol

How many grams of oxygen are in 3.01x10^23 particles of glucose

1. Suppose that you had added solid sodium hydroxide pellets to hydrochloric acid, instead of adding hydrochloric acid to sodium hydroxide solution;

(a) Do you think you would have obtained a different enthalpy change?

(b) Would the enthalpy change have been higher or lower?

(c) How can you test your answer? 

(d) What change would you need to make to the thermochemical equation if you perform the investigation using solid sodium hydroxide?

Why do cells need to store glucose in the form of glycogen and what is the structural advantage of glycogen for animals as compared to either amylose or amylopectin?

What is the formal charge in Nitrogen in N(CH3)4?

1)   The structure of benzoic acid is shown below. pKa = 4.2 If one chose to recrystallize this compound from water would pH make a difference in the effectiveness of the recrystallization. Explain using words and pictures.

In Water:

                                   0 degrees Celsius       25 degrees Celsius     100 degrees Celsius

                                   0.0017 g/ml               0.00344 g/ml             0.05613 g/ml

           In Cyclohexane

                                   0 degrees Celsius       25 degrees Celsius     100 degrees Celsius   

                                   0.0062 g/ml               0.0086 g/ml               0.0869 g/ml

1)   A chemist need to separate benzoic acid from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The mixture is thought to contain 5.00 grams of benzoic acid and 1.00 grams of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Water is the intended recrystallization solvent.

a.    What is the minimal amount of water needed for the recrystallization? Show all calculations and explain your thinking. The objective is to get pure benzoic acid.

b.    What is the maximum recovery of benzoic acid in grams?