Question

1.    Give three-dimensional representation for the orbitals used by the C’s in

a)     H₂C=CH⁺              b) H₂C=CH^-                            and c) H₂C=CH^.    

Answer 1

H2C , Carbon has sp2 hybridization so it has three hybridized orbital of equal energy. H has S orbital and H and C bond is formed when S orbital of H and sp2 hybridized orbital carbon form axial overlapping. In case of O and carbon bond, p orbital of oxygen and sp2 hybridized orbital of carbon form axial overlapping and another bond is formed in O and carbon due to lateral overlapping. This bond is formed due to unhybridized p orbital with unhybridized p orbital of oxygen.

Bond formed due to axial overlapping is called as sigma bond. And the bond is formed due to lateral overlapping is called as pie bond.