reaction of anthracene with HCHO and HCl
This reaction is chloromethylation, similar to Blanc chloromethylation, but using AlCl3 as co-catalyst instead of ZnCl2. These are reactions belonging to a group related to Friedel-Crafts reactions, but characterized by usage of protonation instead of coordination with molecular Lewis acids.
Mechanism of your reaction (not accounting for influence of co-catalyst) can be written as:
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