Biology Answers

Pharmaceutical and healthcare companies are very interested in substances that affect the mitochondria and associated energy releasing metabolic pathways. Depending on their effect, such substances may potentially be developed into ‘weight-loss’ drugs or ‘weight-gain’ drugs. Some substances are marketed as nutritional supplements that increase energy levels and enhance athletic performance.

The human hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein of about 64.5 KDa, consisting of two α-

chains and two β-chains tightly bound.

a) Calculate the number of amino acids present in the α-chains

b) What is the length of each β-chain?

c) What is the sum of the length of the two α-chains?

d) Find the length of the tetrameric protein hemoglobin assuming its all an alpha

The human hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein of about 64.5 KDa, consisting of two α-

chains and two β-chains tightly bound.

a) Calculate the number of amino acids present in the α-chains

b) What is the length of each β-chain?

c) What is the sum of the length of the two α-chains?

d) Find the length of the tetrameric protein hemoglobin assuming its all an alpha

Briefly describe the parts of an unmyelinated and a myelinated neurone. State the functions of neurons and neuroglia. (10%- 5 marks for structure of neurones, 5 marks for functions)

Study the polypeptide structuresequence of a β-strand shown below

b)Calculate the weight of the protein in KDa

Lys-Gly-Asp-Trp-Ser-Glu

a)Draw the chemical structure of the polypeptide. Indicate on the structure the

backbone and peptide bonds

c)Calculate the length of the protein.

.The human hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein of about 64.5 KDa, consisting of two α

chains andtwo β-chains tightly bound.

d)Find the length of the tetrameric proteinhemoglobinassuming its all an alpha

a)Calculate the number of amino acids present in the αchains

b)What is the length of each β-chain?

c)What is thesum of thelengthof the two α-chains?

helical structure.

Draw the chemical structure of cholesterol and state its functions

Briefly explain why Sodium ions have a charge of 1+

(2 marks)

The human hemoglobin is a tetrameric protein of about 64.5 KDa, consisting of two α-

chains and two β-chains tightly bound.

a) Calculate the number of amino acids present in the α-chains

b) What is the length of each β-chain?

c) What is the sum of the length of the two α-chains?

d) Find the length of the tetrameric protein hemoglobin assuming its all an alpha

helical structure.

Study the polypeptide structure sequence of a β-strand shown below

Lys-Gly-Asp-Trp-Ser-Glu

a) Draw the chemical structure of the polypeptide. Indicate on the structure the

backbone and peptide bonds

b) Calculate the weight of the protein in KDa

c) Calculate the length of the protein.