Microbiology Answers

In cases of oil pollution on the coasts and soil, usually nitartes, phosphates, oxygen or 

water is added to the site through pipes. Why are each of theses material added? Why is it 

not always necessary to add bacteria?

Q.1. Why it is said that the function of Glucagon is just opposite or vice versa of Insulin?

Q.2. Delineate the mechanism of Insulin resistant diabetes.

Q.3. Why pancreatic enzyme needs to deliver HCO3- to the duodenum?

Q.4. If a person has arteriosclerosis and he is under the coverage of blood thinner what initiative the doctor needs to take before doing any surgical procedure?

Q.5. Describe how pyrogen contributes to form hyperthermia in human body?

Q.6. Why a diabetic patient feels thirsty always?

Q.7. If any tiny blood vessels rupture in brain and cause hemorrhage, what is the name of the pathological disorder?

Q.8. There is a photo below, where you can see dividing cells near the tip of an onion root under the light microscope, identify a cell in each of the following stages by circling: Metaphase, Anaphase, and Cytokinesis.

A 44 year old male has 7 days history of fever. Dengue rapid tests were requested with the following results: 

Dengue NS1 Ag = negative 

Dengue IgM = positive 

Dengue IgG = positive

Questions:

a. Interpret this result. Explain

b. Can you conclude from the result that the patient has active dengue infection? Can you conclude from the result that the patient does not have dengue at the moment? Explain your answer.

c. What will be your advise to the patient?

A 17 year old female has 4 days history of fever. Dengue NS1 Ag was requested and revealed:

Dengue NS1 Ag = positive

Questions:

a. Can you conclude from the result that the patient has active dengue infection? Can you conclude from the result that the patient does not have dengue at the moment? Explain your answer.

b. What will be your advise to the patient?

A 5 year old boy has been having fever for 2 days. Dengue IgM and IgG were requested and revealed: IgM = negative

IgG = positive

Question: What will be your advice to the parents?

A 5 year old boy has been having fever for 2 days. Dengue IgM and IgG were requested and revealed: IgM = negative

IgG = positive

Question: Can you conclude from the result that the patient has dengue? Can you conclude from the result that the patient does not have dengue at the moment? Explain your answer.

Describe the enterotoxins, endotoxins and staphylokinase and coagulase enzymes produced by staphylococci and the role they play in disease: 

n tabular form, compare the similarities and differences between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae in relation to morphology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment: 

If the RT-PCR test is negative, give instances when repeat RT-PCR test should be done. If repeated, how many days after the first test should the 2nd test be done?

Prions are best described as ——

1)complete virus particle?

2)DNA molecules preotected by dna shell?

3)infectious rna molecules?

4)Self-replicating misfolded protiens?