Genetics Answers

In bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry
mutations within the tRNA genes. These mutations can
change the sequence of the anticodon. For example, a
normal tRNATrp gene would encode a tRNA with the
anticodon 3’-ACC-5’. A mutation could change this
sequence to 3’-CCC-5’. When this mutation occurs, the
tRNA still carries a tryptophan at its 3’ acceptor stem,
even though the anti-codon sequence has been altered.

A. How would this mutation affect the synthesis of
proteins within the bacterium?

B. What does this mutation tell you about the recognition
between tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp ?
Does the enzyme primarily recognize the anticodon or
not?

1. A baby with type AB blood is born in to a family where the mother has type B blood and the father has type O blood. Determine whether the husband is the biological father of the baby? and explain your answer?

Given a diploid number of 2N=8 and atleast 2 crossing over events, trace the fate of these chromosomes until the formation of haploid daughter cells in Meiosis II.

1. What is the problem encountered in a classical breeding which gave the way to the birth of genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology?
2. In what stage of meiosis I does genetic engineering/RDT modify and recombine DNAs to produce desired products with desirable traits?

Based on the coverage of the regulation of glycogen metabolism, describe or predict what effect the following real or hypothetical mutations might have on an infant born with the described genetic defects. Describe the effects both at the level of glycogen structure and/or metabolism and potential symptoms:

A) Mutation in muscle glycogen phosphorylase that weakens binding of AMP.

B) Mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase that inhibits binding of glucose.

C) Mutations that inhibit the activity of debranching enzyme.

EVALUATE:

1. Why there checkpoints are needed to double check the progress of cell cycle?

2. What are the checkpoits looking for?

3. Can mistakes that are identified be corrected?

4. What happens if a mutated cell makes it past the checkpoints suvvessfully?

5. What would happen if any phase of mitosis failed to occur?

1. Suppose that your arm, hand and foot was made up of only one cell. What would happen if the cell stopped working or died?

2. What happens if just one cell dies in your hand, arm or foot? Do all the cells in your hand or foot die? Does your foot fall off?

3. What does body do to replace cells that die, whether they are in our hand or foot or elsewhere in our bodies?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA share the following features, EXCEPT:

Group of answer choices

a) Polypeptide/protein-coding sequence

b) A 3 prime untranslated region

c) A 5 prime untranslated region (UTR)

d) Two-fold symmetry that can form a hairpin

All of the following with respect to transcription in prokaryotes (bacteria) are true, EXCEPT:

a) Most genes have a consensus sequence located at the -35 position

b) Translation of an mRNA can start while transcription is still in progress

c) RNA Polymerase binds genes at the first intron sequence

d) Most genes have a consensus sequence located at the -10 position