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Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. Two mutants are named c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic, whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

Comparing the number of flies expected for the Parental and the Recombinant genotypes, what can be concluded about the C and D loci? (In terms of whether C and D are linked and the ratios of parental to recombinant - more or less?)




Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic, whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

Considering that out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic how many flies in total are approximatively expected for the Recombinant genotypes?

Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic (arrhythmic is the definition of their phenotype), whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic (rhythmic is the definition of their phenotype) with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

Which is the genotype of the rhythmic flies resulting from the testcross?

Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic (arrhythmic is the definition of their phenotype), whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic (rhythmic is the definition of their phenotype) with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

Which genotypes resulting from the testcross are Parental?

Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic (arrhythmic is the definition of their phenotype), whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic (rhythmic is the definition of their phenotype) with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.


Which are the genotypes of flies resulting from the testcross?

Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic (arrhythmic is the definition of their phenotype), whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic (rhythmic is the definition of their phenotype) with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

What is the genotype of the F1 (progeny of Females 3 x Males 4). Select only one answer.

Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster you discover several mutants. You start considering two of those mutants that you call c and d. The two homozygous c/c and d/d are arrhythmic (arrhythmic is the definition of their phenotype), whereas the two heterozygous C/c and D/d are rhythmic (rhythmic is the definition of their phenotype) with a 24h period. You make two true-breeding stocks: stock 3 homozygous for c and stock 4 homozygous for d. You cross them in both directions and in both cases you observe complementation with no difference between males and females. Then you take the progeny of one cross, for instance the F1 of Females 3 x Males 4, and you perform a Testcross. Out of 1000 flies resulting from the Testcross only 125 are rhythmic.

What is the genotype of Females 3?



List of Traits

Cys-Tyr-Met-Cys-Asn= Straight hair

Cys-Tyr-Met-Leu-Asn= Curly hair

Cys-Asn-Gly-Thr-Phe= Red hair

Cys-Asn-Gly-Thr-His= Green hair

Thr-Pro-Arg-Ser-Phe-Phe= Tall

Thr-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Phe-Tyr= Short

Ala-Glu-Tyr= Big eyes

Ala-Glu-Leu= Small eyes

Ile-Leu-IIe-Cys-Trp= Long tail 

IIe-Leu-Cys-Trp-Thr= Short tail

Asn-Cys-Met-Leu-Cys= Brown skin

Asn-Cys-Met-IIe-Val= Yellow skin

Ser-Arg-Trp-Cys= Male

Ser-Pro-Leu-Cys= Female


DNA (leading strand):  5’ AGTCGTTGGTGT  3’

            DNA (lagging strand):   

            mRNA:  

            tRNA:  

            Amino acid sequence:  

            Trait:  


Make a family tree using data obtained in the survey of the woman. The proband (a woman) has one brother and two sisters, the eldest of whom has one son. The proband’s father had 3 sisters and one brother. The proband’s mother had 3 brothers, 2 of whom were monozygotic twins. Parents of the proband's father were cousins (the proband's great-grandfather (the grandfather’s father) was the brother of the proband’s great-grandmother. The proband’s grandmother (the mother’s mother) had a brother and a sister, who were twins.


What accounts for the behavior of alleles segregate them during gamete formation


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