Answer to Question #171353 in Genetics for Amaya Keitt

Question

How do the different types of mutations affect the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

Answer 1

Missense mutation:- Change in one DNA base pair  that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.

Nonsense Mutation:- It is  also a change in one DNA base pair. Instead of substituting one amino acid for another, however, the altered DNA sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein. This type of mutation results in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all.

Insertion :-

An insertion mutation changes the number of DNA bases in a gene by adding a piece of DNA. As a result, the protein made by the gene may not function properly.

Deletion :-

A deletion mutation changes the number of DNA bases by removing a piece of DNA. Small deletions may remove one or a few base pairs within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes.