Answer to Question #101980 in Evolution for Nibedita Rudra

Question #101980
Describe the mechanism of speciation.
1
Expert's answer
2020-01-30T06:39:21-0500

Speciation is a process of the formation of new species due to the evolutionary processes in a certain population. According to the speciation hypothesis, a certain population moves from the initial population becoming adapted to a new environment. Genetic mutations, natural selection, and genetic flow trigger specific alterations in the populations causing complete speciation of the separated population that becomes a new species. There are four modes of geographic speciation:

  • allopatric speciation is described by the split of the initial population into two groups isolated by geographic factors. These isolated species undergo further isolation and genotypic and phenotypic divergence occur;
  • peripatric speciation is characterized by the complete isolation of a small group that forms a species in a new ecological niche;
  • parapatric speciation is associated with the partial separation of population groups and putative mixing of the groups, whereas further genetic processes lead to their complete isolation;
  • sympatric speciation is defined as a formation of new species from a certain population in the same geographic region. As a result, the initial and new species are not isolated by geographic factors.

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