The process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information is called perception. Types of perception are different but for education the most demanded are speech, color and form. Visual training equipment is tangible means of training used in the educational process for the formation of students’ knowledge, skills and abilities to manage their cognitive activity, common development and upbringing. Using visual training materials enhances the effectiveness of training, best storing of new information and understanding of even the most complicated formulas.
There are 3 main groups of visual equipment:
– natural objects;
– images and display of the objects and phenomena of reality;
– the description of objects and phenomena of the world by signs, words and phrases of natural and artificial languages.
Natural objects include objects and phenomena of objective reality for direct study (minerals, rocks, raw materials, semi-products and production, plant and animal products, etc.), natural objects and means for reproducing phenomena followed by a demonstration and laboratory study of their (reagents, instruments, etc.), material and technical resources for employment, visual and sightseeing and tourist activities of students (wood, metal, plastic, glass, etc., measuring and control devices, mounting and finishing tools, accessories and tools for drawing and painting, machinery, machines and technical equipment, excursions, hiking and expedition equipment).
The second group (the image and display of objects and phenomena of reality) unites dimensional materials – models, patterns, molds, globes, etc.; planar aids – tables, paintings, photographs, maps, diagrams, drawings. The third group (written descriptions) includes academic, reference, methodological and other literature for teachers, textbooks, collections of problems and exercises to guide observations, laboratory and human studies, program and other printed materials.
Quite often teachers use in secondary and higher education institutions magnetic boards, on which teachers and students can write with special markers, attach large sheets of paper and return to the passed material. After all information displayed in a visual form is much more memorable and creates in the mind of students overall picture, organizes material. Many things are quite difficult to explain in words, but to draw example and to show how the values or formulas work is so much easier.
Schools and universities, which are the best-equipped with modern technology, often use projectors. With the projector a short film, excerpts from interviews, documentary footage, etc. can be shown.
Of course, the use of the TV and the player is much easier and cheaper, but this option is not suitable for very large audiences with distant desks. A small projector can provide a large and clear image on a white board, curtains or wall.
While studying foreign languages it is very effective to use cards. Despite the fact that many professionals pay attention to the good result from listening to audio lessons, audio recordings allow only improve the pronunciation and learn the spoken language, but to learn a lot of new words in the deadlines is best with visual means, the simplest of which are the cards. Small sheets of cardboard on which in large letters a foreign word is written, and on the back – its translation teachers show children, adults carry them everywhere, and workers often view during lunch break. After the card several times was in hands and read, the memorizing of words is provided. Besides, not only the word is remembered, but its exact spelling, which enhances the absence of errors in writing.
For young children, visual tools for learning are different pictures – children even more than adults, prefer information that is seen and not heard. Once he saw a picture and a word with the object that it represents, the child will connect all images and verbal shell, while the spoken text can be hardly remembered.
“There are many things which cannot be expressed by words. There are many words which cannot be spelled by human tongue. There are many tongues which utter one single truth.” – Toba Beta, My Ancestor Was an Ancient Astronaut.
