Answer to Question #295377 in Psychology for Hezeking

Question

Written Assignment Unit 2

It is a known fact that sleep is important in order for us to thrive in our environment. There is research that seeks to understand how sleep affects our day-to-day activities.

Find a research article that describes one of the negative effects of being sleep deprived. Then write a report about this study, their methods, participants, and findings. Describe the study’s limitations as well as any future applications.

In the conclusion of the paper, you should indicate whether these findings have ever affected you, or someone you know, and what steps were taken to remedy the situation.

The Written Assignment should be 3-4 double spaced pages in length, not including title or reference pages. Make sure your assignment is APA format with double-spacing, Times New Roman, 12-point font, and 1” margins. Include citations and a list of references in APA format. Edit for spelling and grammar errors. You can get assistance with APA formatting

Answer 1

 Negative Effects of being sleep Deprived

Sleep is a biologic process that is important for life and optimal health. Sleep plays a critical role in brain function and systemic physiology, including metabolism, appetite regulation, and the functioning of immune, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems. Normal healthy sleep is projected by sufficient duration, good quality, appropriate timing and regularity, and the absence of sleep disturbances and disorders. Despite the importance of sleep, up to 70 million people in the US and 45 million people in Europe have a chronic sleep disorder that impacts daily functioning and health. (Johnson et al., 2010) For example, 20% of the serious injuries that result from vehicle accidents can be attributed to driver sleepiness, independent of the effects of alcohol or even careless driving. Lifestyle and environmental factors, psychosocial issues, and medical conditions all contribute to sleep problems. ( Silva et al 2020).There are 100 sleep disorder classifications; however, they are typically manifested in one of the following three ways:

ü failure to obtain the necessary amount or quality of sleep (sleep deprivation),

ü an inability to maintain sleep continuity (disrupted sleep, also called sleep fragmentation,

ü difficulty maintaining sleep, and middle insomnia), and events that occur during sleep (eg, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome). (Schlarb et al., 2017).

 

Effects of sleep disorders

 The effects of sleep disorders on the body are numerous and widely varied across multiple body systems. This review focuses on the clinical consequences, both short term and long term, that result from disrupted sleep (not including short sleep duration) in adults, adolescents, and children who are otherwise healthy and in those who have an underlying medical condition. Information on basic science and mechanisms of these effects are included to provide background for the clinical outcomes, but are not thoroughly reviewed (Binks et al., 2020) .Several recent reviews provide detailed information on the science and mechanisms of sleep disruption.

 

Methodology

In order to better focus on the topics of interest among the myriad parameters affected by sleep, this review of the literature was designed to be nonsystematic. A search of English-language publications in the PubMed database was conducted in March and April 2016. Search terms were “caregiver AND sleep”, “caregiver AND drug administration”, “insomnia”, “middle insomnia”, “restless leg[s] syndrome”, “sleep AND drug administration”, “sleep apnea”, “sleep continuity”, “sleep deprivation”, “sleep disorder”, “sleep disruption”, “sleep disturbance”, “sleep fragmentation”, and “sleep maintenance”. Together, these search terms generated over 60,000 hits. For each individual search, we reviewed the most recent articles to identify those that specifically discussed the consequences of disrupted sleep, rather than those of short sleep duration or other sleep problems (Gipson et al 2019) . For topics that were not adequately covered by recent literature (previous 5–10 years), we looked slightly further back in the literature. Other publications were identified by examining the reference lists of publications included in the literature searches. The websites of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research Society, and the European Sleep Research Society were also searched for additional publications. This nonsystematic review pulled information from a total of 97 references.

 

 

Risk factors contributing to sleep deprivation and disruption

ü Excess intake of caffeine.

ü Intake of alcohol

ü Drug abuse

ü Anxiety and worry.

ü Insomnia

 

Limitations

ü Limitations of this study include collecting data only one time and not over a period of time,

ü Failure to take into account other social factors that could impact sleep.

ü Also, chronic sleep deprivation may have led to the underestimation of how much sleep is needed to be fully rested.

ü A limitation within the study includes the small sample size that may limit the conclusion of this research

 

 

 

 

References

1. Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, et al. Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion. Sleep. 2015;38(8):1161–1183. 

2. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, Board on Health Sciences Policy . Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006. 

3. Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep. 2015;38(6):843–844.

4. Olesen J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, et al. CDBE2010 Study Group. European Brain Council The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(1):155–162. 

5. Van Someren EJ, Cirelli C, Dijk DJ, Van CE, Schwartz S, Chee MW. Disrupted sleep: from molecules to cognition. J Neurosci. 2015;35(41):13889–1389