Answer to Question #190354 in Psychology for Faisal Malghani

Question

Analyze and evaluate the key concepts of at least four of major psychological perspectives.

Answer 1

There are several different types of personality theories, but the majority of them fall into one of four categories. - of these approaches to personality tries to explain various personality trends, as well as how these patterns emerge and how individuals vary on a personal level. The role of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind is emphasized in the psychoanalytic view of personality. Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud developed this viewpoint on personality, believing that items concealed in the unconscious could be exposed in a variety of ways, including visions, free association, and slips of the tongue. Karen Horney, for example, concentrated on the need to conquer simple fear, such as the feeling of being alone in the world. She stressed the importance of the parent-child relationship, as well as social and cultural factors that influence personality.

Personality from a humanistic viewpoint emphasizes psychological development, free will, and self-awareness. It takes a more optimistic view of human nature and focuses on how each individual can reach their full potential. Abraham Maslow, for example, proposed that people are driven by a hierarchy of needs. The most basic needs are for things that are important for survival, such as food and water, but as people progress up the ladder, these needs shift to include things like esteem and self-actualization.

The trait perspective of personality is concerned with defining, explaining, and quantifying the basic personality characteristics that make up human personality. Researchers conclude that by gaining a greater understanding of these features, they would be able to better comprehend human differences. Extraversion-introversion, mental stability-neuroticism, and psychoticism are three aspects of personality, according to Hans Eysenck.

The role of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes is emphasized in the social cognitive context of personality. Albert Bandura stressed the value of social learning, or observational learning. His philosophy stressed the importance of conscious emotions, such as self-efficacy, or self-confidence in one's own abilities.