Question

To mitigate impairments in communication system there is the need to 

discuss how Shannon defines and measures information. As communication

engineer you are required to give your submission on the above.

Answer 1

Claude Shannon (then at Bell Telephone Laboratories) discovered an equation that gives the highest possible channel capacity of a communication system that can be achieved in the presence of noise (white Gaussian noise to be specific). The equation is known as the Shannon channel capacity relationship, namely

$$\text{Shannon channel capacity}\ C=B\log_2(1+SNR)$$

where B is the channel bandwidth (in Hz) and SNR is signal-to-noise as a power ratio. In the equation the SNR is a numerical value in the equation; but SNR is generally stated in decibels.