Puffin birds which are similar to penguins have a height of around 30 cm and radius of 8 cm when standing on land. Treating a puffin as a vertical cylinder, calculate the mean direct radiation flux Sb incident per unit body area, when the solar elevation angle is 15° and the direct irradiance at normal incidence Sp is 745 Wm-2. [3 marks]
a) A caterpillar of radius 0.5 cm and length 3.5 cm is suspended in air. If the caterpillar is maintained at, Ts = 40 °C and the air temperature remains constant at T = 25°C, calculate:
a) The resistance to radiative heat transfer [1 mark] b) The power radiated by the sphere
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