Question #177000

A ball is thrown at 4.7 m/s from the top of a 12 m cliff at an angle of 25 degrees below the horizontal. Determine the speed of the ball when it reaches the ground


Expert's answer

Let's first find the time that the ball takes to reach the ground:


y=y0v0tsinθ12gt2,y=y_0-v_0tsin\theta-\dfrac{1}{2}gt^2,0=124.7t sin254.9t2,0=12-4.7t\cdot\ sin25^{\circ}-4.9t^2,4.9t2+1.98t12=0.4.9t^2+1.98t-12=0.

This quadratic equation has two roots: t1=1.37 st_1=1.37\ s and t2=1.78 st_2=-1.78\ s. Since time can't be negative the correct answer is t=1.37 st=1.37\ s.

The horizontal component of the ball's velocity doesn't change during the flight and can be found as follows:


vx=v0cosθ=4.7 mscos25=4.26 ms.v_x=v_0cos\theta=4.7\ \dfrac{m}{s}\cdot cos25^{\circ}=4.26\ \dfrac{m}{s}.

The vertical component of the ball's velocity can be found as follows:


vy=v0sinθgt,v_y=v_0sin\theta-gt,vy=4.7 mssin259.8 ms21.37 s=11.44 ms.v_y=4.7\ \dfrac{m}{s}\cdot sin25^{\circ}-9.8\ \dfrac{m}{s^2}\cdot1.37\ s=-11.44\ \dfrac{m}{s}.

Finally, we can find the speed of the ball when it reaches the ground from the Pythagorean theorem:


v=vx2+vy2=(4.26 ms)2+(11.44 ms)2=12.2 ms.v=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}=\sqrt{(4.26\ \dfrac{m}{s})^2+(-11.44\ \dfrac{m}{s})^2}=12.2\ \dfrac{m}{s}.

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