Answer to Question #159996 in Physics for qudsia

Question

(a)   Identify conduction electrons and explain their role in making a conducting object negatively or positively charged.

 (b)  For either of the particles in a pair of Charged Particles apply Coulomb’s law to relate the magnitude of the particles, and separation between the particles

(c)(a)   Distinguish between being electrically neutral, negatively charged, and positively charged and identify excess charge

 

Answer 1

(a) Conduction electrons are the free electrons that participate in electrical conductivity. Thanks to such electrons, metals can be used to make wires. Since they are free, one can remove or add them to an object. All electrons are negatively charged, which means that many excessive electrons correspond to negatively charged object, if the electrons were removed from the object, it "acquires" positive charge because the protons in the atoms that form the material have positive charge.

(b) Consider two particles charged to Q and q separated by a distance r. According to Coulomb's law, the magnitude of the force of interaction between them is

$$F=k\frac{Qq}{r^2}.$$

This force is central (applied to the centers of the charges), opposite charges attract, charges of the same charge sign repel.

(c) Electrically neutral: the amount of positive charge in the object equals the amount of negative charge.

Negatively charged: electrons outnumber protons.

Positively charged: protons outnumber electrons.

Excess charge is the charge that we need to add to a neutral object to make it charged as given. For example, if the object has a charge of +80 C, the excess charge is +80 C, if the object has a charge of -100 nC, the excess charge is -100 nC.