Vectors are added component-wise, i.e. (x1i+y1j)+(x2i+y2j)=(x1+x2)i+(y1+y2)j(x_1 i + y_1 j) + (x_2 i + y_2 j) = (x_1 + x_2) i + (y_1 + y_2) j(x1i+y1j)+(x2i+y2j)=(x1+x2)i+(y1+y2)j.
Hence, (8i+8j)+(8i−16j)=(8+8)i+(8−16)j=16i−8j(8 i + 8 j) + (8 i - 16 j) = (8 + 8) i + (8 - 16) j = 16 i - 8 j(8i+8j)+(8i−16j)=(8+8)i+(8−16)j=16i−8j
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