Answer to Question #89302 in Molecular Physics | Thermodynamics for Shivam Nishad

Question

What are the macroscopic properties of a system? Explain the difference between the lntensive and extensive variables. Mention the intensive and extensive variables for a gas in a cylinder.

Answer 1

1) Consider a system consisting of an ideal gas. The macroscopic properties of a system are physical quantities that characterize the state of macroscopic bodies as a whole, without taking into account their molecular structure. 2) The parameters of the system state are independent variables by which one can predict the course of the thermodynamic process. They are extensive and intense. Extensive parameters depend on the amount of substance and have the property of additivity (sum). Differently they are called quantitative parameters. These are mass (m), amount of substance(n), volume(V), entropy(S), energy(E), etc. And intensive parameters do not depend on the amount of substance. Differently they are called quality parameters. Such are pressure(p), temperature(T), surface tension, density, specific heat capacity.