Question

why centrifugal force is zero at pole region and maximum at equator?

Answer 1

Let's consider the formula of the centrifugal force:

F = mω²R,

where m is the mass of a body, ω is the angle velocity and R is the distance from the axis of rotation to the body. At the pole region R is equal to zero, so we get zero centrifugal force. R reaches its maximum at equator, so we get maximum of centrifugal force there.