Atomic and Nuclear Physics Answers

You have a radioactive source that emits different types of ionizing radiation.
Describe what is meant by ionizing radiation. Design an experiment to determine the type of radiation involved.

define Mandelstam variables?

what is Casimir's trick, describe its significance in particle physics?

what is moment of inertia?

1) what type of nuclear decay(s) must occur in a stable isotope to become more stable? explain your choice.
2) what type of nuclear decay must occur in in a unstable isotope to become more stable? Explain your choice.
3) what type of nuclear decay must occur in an isotope with stable nuclides but high atomic numbers and high number of neutrons? Explain your answer.

A gas filled detector has a cylindrical shape which enclose different gases and an entrance window. You are interested to detect alpha, beta and neutrons by using gas filled detectors. What modifications you will do to detect all the mentioned particles keeping in view that alpha and beta particles cannot penetrate through the entrance window of the gas filled detectors due to their short range

A nuclear scientist claimed that he has accurately measured the energy and momentum of radiation (alpha’ beta’ gamma-ray etc.) using his most sensitive geiger muller counter. Can you believe his claim is correct? If yes give a proper justification of his claim and if no then also justify it

can we find the energy and momentum of radiation at a same time by geiger muller counter??

In the Stern-Gerlach experiment a beam of silver atoms were made to pass through a long, narrow gap which had an inhomogeneous transverse magnetic eld. The direction of the eld is the same, and perpendicular to the atomic beam, at all points in the gap. The expected and observed images of the beam with the magnetic eld are shown in the gure below. Stern and Gerlach had assumed that the silver atoms were in an L = 1 state. In hindsight, is their observation consistent with their assumptions? What is a reasonable conclusion from this experiment