Astronomy | Astrophysics Answers

Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of an Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myr aer the Big Bang.

V. Tilvi et al 2020 ApJL 891 L10. Link: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) What is the so called cosmic reionization process?

(b) What are Lyα lines and why did the researches want to observe them?

(c) What do the authors intend to point out with Figure 1 (see article)?

(d) How is confirmed that the peaks seen in Figure 3 are actually from Lyα emissions?

(e) How are the bubble sizes of the galaxies estimated?

(f) What is special about the findings in the article and what are the scientific implications?

This problem requires you to read the following recently published scientific article:

Measuring the ionisation fraction in a jet from a massive protostar.

Fedriani, R., Caratti o Garatti, A., Purser, S.J.D. et al. Nat Commun 10, 3630 (2019).

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11595-x.pdf

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) Why are massive stars important for the development of the universe?

(b) How can the ionised part of jets be observed?

(c) What kind of region is G35.2N? Describe how it is structured.

(d) What is the ionisation fraction χe and how do the authors calculate its value?

(e) How is the mass-loss rate being determined for knots K3 and K4? Why not for K1 and K2?

(f) Why is the ionisation fraction so small for G35.2N?

This problem requires you to read the following recently published scientific article:

Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of an Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myr aer the Big Bang.

V. Tilvi et al 2020 ApJL 891 L10. Link: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) What is the so called cosmic reionization process?

(b) What are Lyα lines and why did the researches want to observe them?

(c) What do the authors intend to point out with Figure 1 (see article)?

(d) How is confirmed that the peaks seen in Figure 3 are actually from Lyα emissions?

(e) How are the bubble sizes of the galaxies estimated?

(f) What is special about the findings in the article and what are the scientific implications?

This problem requires you to read the following recently published scientific article:

Measuring the ionisation fraction in a jet from a massive protostar.

Fedriani, R., Caratti o Garatti, A., Purser, S.J.D. et al. Nat Commun 10, 3630 (2019).

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11595-x.pdf

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) Why are massive stars important for the development of the universe?

(b) How can the ionised part of jets be observed?

(c) What kind of region is G35.2N? Describe how it is structured.

(d) What is the ionisation fraction e and how do the authors calculate its value?

(e) How is the mass-loss rate being determined for knots K3 and K4? Why not for K1 and K2?

(f) Why is the ionisation fraction so small for G35.2N?

This problem requires you to read the following recently published scientific article:

Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of an Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myr aer the Big Bang.

V. Tilvi et al 2020 ApJL 891 L10. Link: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) What is the so called cosmic reionization process?

(b) What are Ly lines and why did the researches want to observe them?

(c) What do the authors intend to point out with Figure 1 (see article)?

(d) How is confirmed that the peaks seen in Figure 3 are actually from Ly emissions?

(e) How are the bubble sizes of the galaxies estimated?

(f) What is special about the findings in the article and what are the scientific implications?

Space and time are interconnected according to special relativity. Because of that, coordinates have four components (three position coordinates x, y, z, one time coordinate t ) and can be expressed as a vector with four rows as such:   ct x y z   The spaceship from problem A.4 (Special Relativity - Part I) travels away from the Earth into the deep space outside of our Milky Way. The Milky Way has a very circular shape and can be expressed as all vectors of the following form (for all 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π):   ct 0 sin ϕ cos ϕ   (a) How does the shape of the Milky Way look like for the astronauts in the fast-moving spaceship? To answer this question, apply the Lorentz transformation matrix (see A.4) on the circular shape to get the vectors (ct0 , x0 , y0 , z0 ) of the shape from the perspective of the moving spaceship. (b) Draw the shape of the Milky Way for a spaceship with a velocity of 20%, 50%, and 90% of the speed of light in the figure below (

How are the bubble sizes of the galaxies estimated? (f) What is special about the findings in the article and what are the scientific implications?

From article :

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec

Problem C.1 : Earliest Galaxy Group (10 Points)

This problem requires you to read the following recently published scientific article:

Onset of Cosmic Reionization: Evidence of an Ionized Bubble Merely 680 Myr aer the Big Bang.

V. Tilvi et al 2020 ApJL 891 L10. Link: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec

Answer the following questions related to this article:

(a) What is the so called cosmic reionization process?

(b) What are Lyα lines and why did the researches want to observe them?

(c) What do the authors intend to point out with Figure 1 (see article)?

(d) How is confirmed that the peaks seen in Figure 3 are actually from Lyα emissions?

(e) How are the bubble sizes of the galaxies estimated?

(f) What is special about the findings in the article and what are the scientific implications?

Please Solve it asap.

Question:- The object NGC 4440 is a galaxy located in the Virgo Cluster at the following equatorial coordi￾nates (J2000): 12h 27m 53.6s

(right ascension), 12◦

170 3600 (declination). The Calar Alto Observatory

is located in Spain at the geographical coordinates 37.23◦N and 2.55◦W.

(a) Is the NGC 4440 galaxy observable from the Calar Alto Observatory?

a) What is the so called cosmic reionization process?

(b) What are Lyα lines and why did the researchers want to observe them?

From this article attached link below

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab75ec