(a) The operations manager of a company that manufactures tires wants to determine whether there are any differences in the quality of work among the three daily shifts. She randomly selects 496 tires and carefully inspects them. Each tire is either classified as perfect, satisfactory, or defective, and the shift that produced it is also recorded. The two categorical variables of interest are the shift and condition of the tire produced. The shift quality data can be summarized by the accompanying two-way chi-square table as shown below. Does the data provide sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to infer that there are differences in quality among the three shifts?
Type of shift
Perfect
Satisfaction
Defective
Total
Shift 1
106
124
1
231
Shift 2
67
85
1
153
Shift 3
37
72
3
112
Total
210
281
5
496
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