1. Mr. Ronald Aquino is currently working on his thesis on the effectiveness of design
thinking methods in teaching statistics and probability using one-shot pretest-post test
design. Before the implementation of the design thinking methods, he administered a
pretest to 20 randomly selected grade 11 students. The same test was administered at
the end of the experiment to the same group of students. He wants to know whether the
design thinking methods is effective by determining whether a significant difference
exists between the pretest and post test scores of the students using 0.05 level of
significance; that is, Mr. Aquino desires to determine whether the post test scores of the
students are significantly higher than their pretest scores. The table below shows the
scores of the 20 students.
a. Is there a significant difference between the pretest and post test scores of the 20
students?
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