Answer to Question #237063 in Operations Research for opr

Question

 i) Define the term operations research.

ii) Give a detailed description of the origin of operations research .

iii) Explain the methodology of operations research. iv) Discuss the applications of operations research

v) Define the following terms as used in operations research

Model, Objective function, Constraints , Model formulation, Feasible solution, Transportation problems, Allocation problems

Answer 1

(i)

Operations research is simply a scientific approach to decision-making that seeks best design and operate a system, usually under conditions requiring their location of scarce resources.

(ii)

The name operations research evolved in the year 1940. During world war 2, a team of scientist in UK applied scientific techniques to research military operations to win the war and the techniques thus developed was named as operation research.

(iii)

a. Definition of the problem

b. Construction of the model

c. Solution of the model

d. Validation of the model

e. Implementation of the model

(iv)

a. Determination and deployment of proper

b. Project scheduling and control

c. Estimation of number of facilities required in a Factory

d. Transportation loading and unloading

e. Recruitment policies and assignment of job

(v)

a. Model is a representation of an actual situation that may be used to make better decisions or simply to understand the actual situation

b. Objective function is the function that is desired to be optimized(maximize or minimize)

c. Constraints are inequalities ofrequalities defining limitations on decisions

d. Model formulation entails an attempt to translate the problem definition into mathematical relationships ensuring that the resulting model fit one of the standard mathematical models such as linear programming reaching a solution by using available

e. Feasible solution is a solution for which all the constraints are satisfied

f. Transportation problem is a type of linear programming which received its name because many of its applications involved determining how to optimally transport goods from a point, known as the source to another point, known as the destination. However some of it important applications actually have nothing to do with transportation.

g. Allocations problems involved the distribution of resources among competing alternative in order to minimise total cost for maximize total return