Answer on question #34945 – Math – Linear Algebra
can u please help me solve this equation. i have the answer in my book but can u help me solve it
i have a 3x3 matrix
1 = p ( 1 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 1 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 1 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x 1 = p(1,1) + p(2,1) * e^{\wedge}ix + p(3,1) * e^{\wedge} - ix 1 = p ( 1 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 1 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 1 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x cos x = p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 2 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 2 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x \cos x = p(2,1) + p(2,2) * e^{\wedge}ix + p(3,2) * e^{\wedge} - ix cos x = p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 2 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 2 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x sin x = p ( 1 , 3 ) + p ( 2 , 3 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 3 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x \sin x = p(1,3) + p(2,3) * e^{\wedge}ix + p(3,3) * e^{\wedge} - ix sin x = p ( 1 , 3 ) + p ( 2 , 3 ) ∗ e ∧ i x + p ( 3 , 3 ) ∗ e ∧ − i x
where p is a 3 by 3 matrix
Answer:
As we know
e i x = cos x + i sin x e^{ix} = \cos x + i \sin x e i x = cos x + i sin x e − i x = cos x − i sin x e^{-ix} = \cos x - i \sin x e − i x = cos x − i sin x
So we get
1 = p ( 1 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 1 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 1 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 1 , 1 ) + ( p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 3 , 1 ) ) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 1 ) − p ( 3 , 1 ) ) sin x \begin{array}{l}
1 = p(1,1) + p(2,1) * e^{ix} + p(3,1) * e^{-ix} = \\
= p(1,1) + (p(2,1) + p(3,1)) \cos x + i(p(2,1) - p(3,1)) \sin x \\
\end{array} 1 = p ( 1 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 1 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 1 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 1 , 1 ) + ( p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 3 , 1 )) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 1 ) − p ( 3 , 1 )) sin x
It holds when p ( 1 , 1 ) = 1 , p ( 2 , 1 ) = p ( 3 , 1 ) = 0 p(1,1) = 1, p(2,1) = p(3,1) = 0 p ( 1 , 1 ) = 1 , p ( 2 , 1 ) = p ( 3 , 1 ) = 0 .
cos x = p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 2 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 2 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 2 , 1 ) + ( p ( 2 , 2 ) + p ( 3 , 2 ) ) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 2 ) − p ( 3 , 2 ) ) sin x \begin{array}{l}
\cos x = p(2,1) + p(2,2) * e^{ix} + p(3,2) * e^{-ix} = \\
= p(2,1) + (p(2,2) + p(3,2)) \cos x + i(p(2,2) - p(3,2)) \sin x \\
\end{array} cos x = p ( 2 , 1 ) + p ( 2 , 2 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 2 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 2 , 1 ) + ( p ( 2 , 2 ) + p ( 3 , 2 )) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 2 ) − p ( 3 , 2 )) sin x
It holds when p ( 2 , 1 ) = 0 , p ( 2 , 2 ) = p ( 3 , 2 ) = 0.5 p(2,1) = 0, p(2,2) = p(3,2) = 0.5 p ( 2 , 1 ) = 0 , p ( 2 , 2 ) = p ( 3 , 2 ) = 0.5 .
cos x = p ( 1 , 3 ) + p ( 2 , 3 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 3 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 1 , 3 ) + ( p ( 2 , 3 ) + p ( 3 , 3 ) ) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 3 ) − p ( 3 , 3 ) ) sin x \begin{array}{l}
\cos x = p(1,3) + p(2,3) * e^{ix} + p(3,3) * e^{-ix} = \\
= p(1,3) + (p(2,3) + p(3,3)) \cos x + i(p(2,3) - p(3,3)) \sin x \\
\end{array} cos x = p ( 1 , 3 ) + p ( 2 , 3 ) ∗ e i x + p ( 3 , 3 ) ∗ e − i x = = p ( 1 , 3 ) + ( p ( 2 , 3 ) + p ( 3 , 3 )) cos x + i ( p ( 2 , 3 ) − p ( 3 , 3 )) sin x
It holds when p ( 2 , 1 ) = 0 , p ( 2 , 2 ) = 1 2 i , p ( 3 , 2 ) = − 1 / 2 i p(2,1) = 0, p(2,2) = \frac{1}{2i}, p(3,2) = -1/2i p ( 2 , 1 ) = 0 , p ( 2 , 2 ) = 2 i 1 , p ( 3 , 2 ) = − 1/2 i .
Therefore we get
p = ( 1 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 1 2 i − 1 2 i ) . p = \begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0.5 & 0.5 \\
0 & \frac{1}{2i} & -\frac{1}{2i}
\end{pmatrix}. p = ⎝ ⎛ 1 0 0 0 0.5 2 i 1 0 0.5 − 2 i 1 ⎠ ⎞ .