Let us consider the differential equation
"\\Theta\\frac{dS}{dt}+\\gamma S=\\alpha e^{-\\varphi t}", "S(0)=S_0"
where "\\varphi\\ge 0,\\ \\Theta>0,\\ \\gamma>0,\\ \\alpha >0."
Let us multiply the both part of equation by "\\frac{1}{\\Theta}e^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}:"
"\\frac{dS}{dt}e^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}+\\frac{\\gamma}{\\Theta} Se^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\Theta} e^{-\\varphi t}e^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}".
The last equation is equivalent to
"\\frac{d}{dt}(Se^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}})=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\Theta} e^{(\\frac{\\gamma }{\\Theta}-\\varphi) t}"
Therefore,
"Se^{\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta} e^{\\frac{\\gamma-\\varphi\\Theta }{\\Theta} t}+C"
Let us multiply the both part of equation by "e^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}:"
"S(t)=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta} e^{-\\varphi t}+Ce^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}".
Let "t=0". Then
"S_0=S(0)=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta} +C," and thus "C=S_0-\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta}".
Consequently, the solution of the differential equation is the following:
"S(t)=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta} e^{-\\varphi t}+(S_0-\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta})e^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}".
If "\\varphi =0", then "S(t)=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma} +(S_0-\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma})e^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}", and thus
"\\lim_{t\\to+\\infty}S(t)=\\lim_{t\\to+\\infty}[\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma} +(S_0-\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma})e^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}]=\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma}"
So, if "\u03c6=0" the species population "S(t)" approaches "\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma}" as "t\\to+\\infty."
If "\\varphi>0," then "\\lim_{t\\to+\\infty}S(t)=\\lim_{t\\to+\\infty}[\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta} e^{-\\varphi t}+(S_0-\\frac{\\alpha}{\\gamma -\\varphi \\Theta})e^{-\\frac{\\gamma t}{\\Theta}}]=0".
Therefore, if "\u03c6>0" the "S(t)" approaches zero as "t\\to+\\infty."
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