Answer on Question #83959 - Math - Analytic Geometry
Question
a 2 + b 2 a b + 1 = 4 \frac {a ^ {2} + b ^ {2}}{a b + 1} = 4 ab + 1 a 2 + b 2 = 4
Give a equation to solve the value of a a a and b b b .
a = ? a = ? a = ? & b ? b? b ?
Solution
a 2 + b 2 − 4 a b − 4 = 0 a ^ {2} + b ^ {2} - 4 a b - 4 = 0 a 2 + b 2 − 4 ab − 4 = 0 a 11 a 2 + 2 a 12 a b + 2 a 13 a + a 22 b 2 + 2 a 23 b + a 33 = 0 a _ {1 1} a ^ {2} + 2 a _ {1 2} a b + 2 a _ {1 3} a + a _ {2 2} b ^ {2} + 2 a _ {2 3} b + a _ {3 3} = 0 a 11 a 2 + 2 a 12 ab + 2 a 13 a + a 22 b 2 + 2 a 23 b + a 33 = 0 a 11 = 1 a _ {1 1} = 1 a 11 = 1 a 12 = − 2 a _ {1 2} = - 2 a 12 = − 2 a 13 = 0 a _ {1 3} = 0 a 13 = 0 a 22 = 1 a _ {2 2} = 1 a 22 = 1 a 23 = 0 a _ {2 3} = 0 a 23 = 0 a 33 = − 4 a _ {3 3} = - 4 a 33 = − 4
Then:
I 1 = a 11 + a 22 = 1 + 1 = 2 I _ {1} = a _ {1 1} + a _ {2 2} = 1 + 1 = 2 I 1 = a 11 + a 22 = 1 + 1 = 2 I 2 = ∣ a 11 a 12 a 12 a 22 ∣ = ∣ 1 − 2 − 2 1 ∣ = 1 − 4 = − 3 I _ {2} = \left| \begin{array}{c c} a _ {1 1} & a _ {1 2} \\ a _ {1 2} & a _ {2 2} \end{array} \right| = \left| \begin{array}{c c} 1 & - 2 \\ - 2 & 1 \end{array} \right| = 1 - 4 = - 3 I 2 = ∣ ∣ a 11 a 12 a 12 a 22 ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ 1 − 2 − 2 1 ∣ ∣ = 1 − 4 = − 3 I 3 = ∣ a 11 a 12 a 13 a 12 a 22 a 23 a 13 a 23 a 33 ∣ = ∣ 1 − 2 0 − 2 1 0 0 0 − 4 ∣ = − 4 + 2 ⋅ 8 = 12 I _ {3} = \left| \begin{array}{c c c} a _ {1 1} & a _ {1 2} & a _ {1 3} \\ a _ {1 2} & a _ {2 2} & a _ {2 3} \\ a _ {1 3} & a _ {2 3} & a _ {3 3} \end{array} \right| = \left| \begin{array}{c c c} 1 & - 2 & 0 \\ - 2 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & - 4 \end{array} \right| = - 4 + 2 \cdot 8 = 1 2 I 3 = ∣ ∣ a 11 a 12 a 13 a 12 a 22 a 23 a 13 a 23 a 33 ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ 1 − 2 0 − 2 1 0 0 0 − 4 ∣ ∣ = − 4 + 2 ⋅ 8 = 12
Since I 2 < 0 I_2 < 0 I 2 < 0 and I 3 ≠ 0 I_3 \neq 0 I 3 = 0 , then we have equation of hyperbola.
So:
I ( λ ) = ∣ − λ + 1 − 2 − 2 − λ + 1 ∣ = ( − λ + 1 ) 2 − 4 = λ 2 − 2 λ + 1 − 4 = λ 2 − 2 λ − 3 = 0 I (\lambda) = \left| \begin{array}{c c} - \lambda + 1 & - 2 \\ - 2 & - \lambda + 1 \end{array} \right| = (- \lambda + 1) ^ {2} - 4 = \lambda^ {2} - 2 \lambda + 1 - 4 = \lambda^ {2} - 2 \lambda - 3 = 0 I ( λ ) = ∣ ∣ − λ + 1 − 2 − 2 − λ + 1 ∣ ∣ = ( − λ + 1 ) 2 − 4 = λ 2 − 2 λ + 1 − 4 = λ 2 − 2 λ − 3 = 0 λ 1 = 3 \lambda_ {1} = 3 λ 1 = 3 λ 2 = − 1 \lambda_ {2} = - 1 λ 2 = − 1
For λ 1 = 3 \lambda_{1} = 3 λ 1 = 3 one gets a 2 = − a 1 a_2 = -a_1 a 2 = − a 1 , hence v 1 = ( 1 − 1 ) v_{1} = \binom{1}{-1} v 1 = ( − 1 1 ) , e 1 = v 1 ∥ v 1 ∥ = 1 1 2 + ( − 1 ) 2 ( 1 − 1 ) = ( 1 2 − 1 2 ) e_1 = \frac{v_1}{\|v_1\|} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2}}\binom{1}{-1} = \binom{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} e 1 = ∥ v 1 ∥ v 1 = 1 2 + ( − 1 ) 2 1 ( − 1 1 ) = ( − 2 1 2 1 )
For λ 2 = − 1 \lambda_{2} = -1 λ 2 = − 1 one gets a 2 = a 1 a_2 = a_1 a 2 = a 1 , hence v 2 = ( 1 1 ) v_{2} = \binom{1}{1} v 2 = ( 1 1 ) , e 2 = v 2 ∥ v 2 ∥ = 1 1 2 + 1 2 ( 1 1 ) = ( 1 2 1 2 ) e_2 = \frac{v_2}{\|v_2\|} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1^2 + 1^2}}\binom{1}{1} = \binom{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}} e 2 = ∥ v 2 ∥ v 2 = 1 2 + 1 2 1 ( 1 1 ) = ( 2 1 2 1 )
Let R = ( 1 2 1 2 − 1 2 1 2 ) R = \left( \begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right) R = ( 2 1 − 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) . Then the rotation is ( a b ) = R ( a ~ b ~ ) = ( 1 2 1 2 − 1 2 1 2 ) ( a ~ b ~ ) = ( a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 − a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 ) \binom{a}{b} = R \left( \begin{array}{c} \tilde{a} \\ \tilde{b} \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{c} \tilde{a} \\ \tilde{b} \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c} \frac{\tilde{a}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{\tilde{b}}{\sqrt{2}} \\ -\frac{\tilde{a}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{\tilde{b}}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right) ( b a ) = R ( a ~ b ~ ) = ( 2 1 − 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) ( a ~ b ~ ) = ( 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ − 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ ) ,
hence ( a ~ b ~ ) = R − 1 ( a b ) = ( 1 2 1 2 − 1 2 1 2 ) − 1 ( a b ) = ( 1 2 − 1 2 1 2 1 2 ) ( a b ) = ( a 2 − b 2 a 2 + b 2 ) \left( \begin{array}{c}\tilde{a}\\ \tilde{b} \end{array} \right) = R^{-1}\left( \begin{array}{c}a\\ b \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right)^{-1}\left( \begin{array}{c}a\\ b \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right)\left( \begin{array}{c}a\\ b \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c}\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}} -\frac{b}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \frac{a}{\sqrt{2}} +\frac{b}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \right) ( a ~ b ~ ) = R − 1 ( a b ) = ( 2 1 − 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) − 1 ( a b ) = ( 2 1 2 1 − 2 1 2 1 ) ( a b ) = ( 2 a − 2 b 2 a + 2 b )
Substituting a = a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 a = \frac{\tilde{a}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{\tilde{b}}{\sqrt{2}} a = 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ , b = − a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 b = -\frac{\tilde{a}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{\tilde{b}}{\sqrt{2}} b = − 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ into the equation a 2 + b 2 − 4 a b − 4 = 0 a^2 + b^2 - 4ab - 4 = 0 a 2 + b 2 − 4 ab − 4 = 0 one gets
( a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 ) 2 + ( − a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 ) 2 − 4 ( a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 ) ( − a ~ 2 + b ~ 2 ) − 4 = 0 \left(\frac {\tilde {a}}{\sqrt {2}} + \frac {\tilde {b}}{\sqrt {2}}\right) ^ {2} + \left(- \frac {\tilde {a}}{\sqrt {2}} + \frac {\tilde {b}}{\sqrt {2}}\right) ^ {2} - 4 \left(\frac {\tilde {a}}{\sqrt {2}} + \frac {\tilde {b}}{\sqrt {2}}\right) \left(- \frac {\tilde {a}}{\sqrt {2}} + \frac {\tilde {b}}{\sqrt {2}}\right) - 4 = 0 ( 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ ) 2 + ( − 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ ) 2 − 4 ( 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ ) ( − 2 a ~ + 2 b ~ ) − 4 = 0 1 2 ( a ~ ) 2 + a ~ b ~ + 1 2 ( b ~ ) 2 + 1 2 ( a ~ ) 2 − a ~ b ~ + 1 2 ( b ~ ) 2 − 2 ( ( b ~ ) 2 − ( a ~ ) 2 ) − 4 = 0 \frac {1}{2} (\tilde {a}) ^ {2} + \tilde {a} \tilde {b} + \frac {1}{2} (\tilde {b}) ^ {2} + \frac {1}{2} (\tilde {a}) ^ {2} - \tilde {a} \tilde {b} + \frac {1}{2} (\tilde {b}) ^ {2} - 2 \left(\left(\tilde {b}\right) ^ {2} - (\tilde {a}) ^ {2}\right) - 4 = 0 2 1 ( a ~ ) 2 + a ~ b ~ + 2 1 ( b ~ ) 2 + 2 1 ( a ~ ) 2 − a ~ b ~ + 2 1 ( b ~ ) 2 − 2 ( ( b ~ ) 2 − ( a ~ ) 2 ) − 4 = 0 3 a ~ 2 − b ~ 2 − 4 = 0 3 \tilde {a} ^ {2} - \tilde {b} ^ {2} - 4 = 0 3 a ~ 2 − b ~ 2 − 4 = 0
One gets an equation of hyperbola:
a ~ 2 4 3 − b ~ 2 4 = 1 \frac {\tilde {a} ^ {2}}{\frac {4}{3}} - \frac {\tilde {b} ^ {2}}{4} = 1 3 4 a ~ 2 − 4 b ~ 2 = 1
The canonical form of the equation:
a ~ 2 λ 1 + b ~ 2 λ 2 + l 3 l 2 = 0 \tilde {a} ^ {2} \lambda_ {1} + \tilde {b} ^ {2} \lambda_ {2} + \frac {l _ {3}}{l _ {2}} = 0 a ~ 2 λ 1 + b ~ 2 λ 2 + l 2 l 3 = 0 3 a ~ 2 − b ~ 2 − 4 = 0 3 \tilde {a} ^ {2} - \tilde {b} ^ {2} - 4 = 0 3 a ~ 2 − b ~ 2 − 4 = 0 a ~ 2 4 3 − b ~ 2 4 = 1 \frac {\tilde {a} ^ {2}}{\frac {4}{3}} - \frac {\tilde {b} ^ {2}}{4} = 1 3 4 a ~ 2 − 4 b ~ 2 = 1
Answer: a ~ 2 4 3 − b ~ 2 4 = 1 \frac{\tilde{a}^2}{\frac{4}{3}} - \frac{\tilde{b}^2}{4} = 1 3 4 a ~ 2 − 4 b ~ 2 = 1
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Comments
The a11 and a22 are coefficients beside terms a^2 and b^2 in the general formula for the quadratic form of variables a, b, The values a11=1, a22=1 are chosen in the general formula to satisfy the initial equation a^2+b^2-4ab-4=0.
a11 a22 whats this and i cannot understand clearly