3.5 If U is an ideal of R and 1 ∈ U, prove that U = R.
Since for any r∈Rr\in Rr∈R and u∈Uu\in Uu∈U, ru∈Uru\in Uru∈U we have for any r∈Rr\in Rr∈R, r⋅1=r∈Ur\cdot 1=r\in Ur⋅1=r∈U. Hence R=UR=UR=U.