Between the Napoleonic Wars and World War I, the most extensive and most expensive war the British had fought (costing more than £200 million). It was fought between two completely unequal protagonists. The reasons for the war have sparked heated dispute among historians, and they are as contested now as they were throughout the conflict. British officials claimed they were protecting their "suzerainty" over the South African Republic (SAR), which was established in the Pretoria and (dubiously) London treaties of 1881 and 1884, respectively.
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