Answer to Question #247787 in History for Sans

Question

1.    What challenges did the working classes face to becoming involved in politics across Europe in the nineteenth century?

2.    How did the process work to unite citizens at the end of the 19th century, creating what we think of as “the masses,” or “the people?”

3.    What connections did people like Chadwick and Jack London make between industrialization and daily life for people in the cities?

Answer 1

Question 1

The Industrial Revolution harmed the working class. They were forced to live in filthy, overcrowded conditions, with sickness as a constant concern. The majority of them didn't have much to eat, and many died of starvation. Families were forced to labor as a unit, and members were separated.

Question 2

The First and Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively) resulted in massive urbanization and significantly higher production, profit, and wealth levels in the nineteenth century.

Question 3

Chadwick had laid down basic principles for improving public health in Britain by 1848, organized municipal governments to act as centrally responsible health authorities, and promoted an adequate provision for enhancing sanitary conditions that meant he was dealing with an enormously difficult task.