Which of the following describe the long-term variations in the Earth's orbit that can lead to climatic change as calculated by Milankovitch? (1) Orbital eccentricity with a periodicity of 100,000 years (2) Axial tilt or obliquity with a periodicity of 41,000 years (3) Precession of the equinoxes with a periodicity of about 21,000 years (4) All of the above.
All of the above are the long-term variations in the Earth's orbit that can lead to climatic change as calculated by Milankovitch, although the period of precession he calculated was 25771.5 years.
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