Search
A copper tube having a cross-sectional area of 2 000 mm2 and a length of 300 mm is placed between two rigid caps. Four 22-mm-diameter steel bolts are symmetrically arranged parallel to the axis of the tube and are lightly fastened. Find the stress in the tube if the temperature of the assembly is raised by 70 °C. What load will each bolt carry at the raised temperature? (Let EST = 200 GPa; Ec u = 100 GPa; aST = 12 x 10"6 / o C; ac u = 16 x 10-6 /°C.)
When the cold junction of a thermocouple thermometer is at 5 C and the hot junction at 110 C, the millivoltmeter shows a deflection of 3.5 mV towards the left. The hot junction is now put in an unknown temperature while maintaining the cold junction at 5 C. The millivoltmeter now shows a deflection of 4.7 mV towards the left. Calculate the unknown temperature.
Consider a 55 wt% Sn–45 wt% Pb alloy at 160˚C,
a. Cite the phases present
b. Calculate the relative amount of each phase present in terms
of (a) mass fraction and (b) volume fraction.
Note: Locate the required points clearly on Lead-Tin phase diagram. Take
necessary values wherever required and mention the reference against
every value you take, e.g. any online source/book or research paper
Liquid reactant decomposes as per the following reaction scheme: A→R, A→S with rates rR= k1CA^2₁ , rs=k₂CA The rate constants are k=0.4 m³/mo min and k=2 min³. An aquecus feed of containing A with CAo =40 mol/m³ enters a reactor, decomposes, and a mixture of A, R and S leaves the reactor. Find the operating condition (XA, τ and CR) which maximizes CR, in a mixed flow reacter.
a) The kinetics of a liquid phase decomposition of A is studied in two mixed flow reactors in series, the second unit has the twice the volume of the first. At steady state with a feed containing 1 mol/1(CAo=1 mol/l) and the mean residence time is 96seconds in the first reactor, the concentration of A in the first reactor s 0.5 mol/l and in the second is 0.25 mol/l find the kinetic equation for the decomposition of A
At present the conversion is 66.7% for the elementary second order reaction 2A→2R when operating in an isothermal plug flow reactor with a recycle ratio of unity. Determine the conversion if recycle is shut off.
Gaseous reactant A decomposes as per the following reaction stoichiometry and kineticsA→3R.-rA= 0.60CA mol/l min. Determine the conversion of A in a 50 % A +50% inerts fed at 180 l/min.(330mmol/min) to a 1000 liter mixed flow reactor.
A high molecular weight hydrocarbon stream A is continuously fed to a mixed flow reactor where it thermally cracks into lower molecular materials, collectively called R, as per stoichiometryd A→5R. It is a homogencus gas phase reaction Different extents of cracking obtained by varying the feed rate to the reactor are as follows:
FAo(milli mol/h) 300 1000 3000 5000
CA,OUT (milli mol/l). 16 30 5 60 The reactor volume is 0.1 liter and the feed concentration at the temperature of the reactor is Cac =100 milli mol/l. Find the rate equation which satisfactorily represents the cracking reaction. in the above problem if we ignore density changes, what is the rate equation represents the reaction.
b) A homogenous liquid phase reaction with the given stoichiometry and kinetics A→S,-rA=kCA^2, takes place with 50% conversion in a mixed flow reactor. Find the conversion if this reactor is replaced by another mixed flow reactor having volume 6 times that of the original reactor-all else remain unchanged. Find the conversion if the original reactor is replaced by a plug flow of the same size- all else remains unchanged.
