Civil and Environmental Engineering Answers

What are some of the critique and limitations of Cost-benefit analysis?


Estimates of the Total economic value is standardized and does not vary


That individuals prefer to have benefits now rather than later


Discounting is fair to the future generations


Monetary values can be put on all environmental and health assets


That individuals prefer to pay the costs now rather than later


Questionable assumption that individual preferences are the only thing that counts

Explain how can the total hardness be distinguished from the CaCO3
hardness?

In a building project, a tall building is planned to be constructed on a site surrounded by buildings and adjacent to slope supported by retaining walls. Before the construction of the tall building, a project engineer proposes to conduct a ground investigation for the project and regards that the ground investigation can completely replace a site investigation. As a geotechnical engineer, you are required to criticize the project engineer’s proposal above.

a. Calculate the scale of the model if viscosity and weight are both needed to ensure similarity.

b. What should the model scale be if oil with viscosity 92.9x 10 ^ -6 m² / sec is used in the test of the model and if the prototype fluid has viscocity 743.2 x 10 ^ -6 m² / sec?

c. What will be the speed and flow ratio for the 1: 4 scale prototype model fluids?

A strut is attached at the base of a column by a pin connection (Fig.1).The strut is a steel tube of outer diameter do =110mm
and inner diameter di = 100 mm . The pin has diameter
d = 30 mm . The allowable compressive normal stress and
shearstressareallow =105MPa andallow =70MPa .Determine
the maximum value of the compressive force P that the strut can resist

For a 20 inch square base plate of A36 steel supporting a W12 x 50 column,determine the axial compression force from the column Pu.The base plate is on the full area(A1=A2)of a concrete pedestal (fc=5ksi).The baseplate thickness t= 15/8 inch.

FIGURE Q3 shows the Tacoma Narrows Bridge which collapsed in 1940. You are required to perform an engineering review on the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge through relevant sources and references. Based on your study, describe and explain the phenomena which caused the failure of the bridge. How did this phenomenon occur and as a structural engineer, what mitigation measures could have been adopted to reduce the potential for this failure phenomenon from occurring?





FIGURE Q3

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shows a conceptual drawing of an outdoor lamp post by the town council. The lamp post is standing vertically on the ground and you are required to propose an appropriate lamp post height within town council guidelines. The lamp with a mass of 06 kg hangs on a point of a horizontal arm with a length of 1.0 m, which is connected on the top-most point of the vertical post. The lamp post is exposed to wind force, blowing on the left side of the lamp post with a distributed load of 8 kN/m.
You are required by the town council to perform an assessment on the loads that are applied on the lamp post structure including assumptions on type of support (between the lamp post and the ground) and justification for it. Based on these justifications, determine the reactions experienced by the lamp post. Recommend and prove measures that can be adopted to reduce moment reactions at the support of the lamp post if an additional uniformly distributed snow load of 2 kN/m is added on the horizontal arm of the lamp post.

Assignment Transportation Engineering



Q.1

(a) A descending gradient of 1 in 22.5 meets an ascending gradient of 1 in 25.
Design length of valley curve to be comfortable as well as to leave adequate head light sight distance.
Velocity V= 60kmph, rate of change centrifugal acceleration C=0.55 m/s^3, time of reaction tr = 2.5 S, coefficient of longitudinal friction =0.38, height of headlight above the ground = 0.8m, beam angle is 1°.



(b) In above question if 1 in 22.5 is ascending gradient meets a 1 in 25 descending gradient design the length of the summit curve.

Reproduce the Copper – Nickel binary phase equilibrium diagram shown in fig.1 and apply Gibbs phase rule to calculate the degrees of freedom for a Cu - 50% Ni alloy at; a) 1380oC b) 1300oC c) 1150oC