Answer to Question #309141 in Civil and Environmental Engineering for Oxian

Question

Discuss four alternatives that increase the use and application of conventional concrete

Answer 1

The four alternatives that increase the use and application of conventional concrete include:

1. Self consolidating concrete

Self-consolidating concrete, also known as self-compacting concrete - a highly flowable, non-segregating concrete that can spread in place, fill formwork and encapsulate the reinforcement without any mechanical consolidation.

2. Flowable fill

Flowable fill is a self-compacting low strength material with a flowable consistency that is used as an economical fill or backfill material as an alternative to compacted granular fill. Flowable fill is not concrete, nor it is used to replace concrete. Terminology used by ACI Committee 229 is Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM). Othe rterms used for this material are shrinkable fill, controlled density fill, flowable mortar or lean-mix backfill.

3. Light weight concrete

Lightweight concrete is a mixture made with lightweight coarse aggregates such as shale, clay, or slate, which give it its characteristic low density. Structural lightweight concrete has an in-place density of 90 to 115 lb/ft³, whereas the density of regular weight concrete ranges from 140 to 150 lb/ft³.

4. Heavy weight concrete

Heavyweight concrete is made from aggregates with a density between 2,080 and 4,485 kilograms per cubic meter (or between 130 and 280 pounds per cubic foot). These aggregates are much less porous and absorbent, and the resulting concrete has a higher mass-to-volume ratio.