Define, illustrate, and explain with examples market failure in the context of the external costs of production (MSC > MC) of coal fired power station and the external cost of consumption (MSB < MB) of alcohol to the society.
If the economy is near the full-employment level of output, the AD/AS analysis of a change in government spending or taxation will be different from the Keynesian analysis.
Many economists have argued that a form of ‘congestion tax’ ought to be imposed on the motorists who use their cars on busy roads, to take account of the external costs they impose on other road users and pedestrians. List and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the following three measures to reduce congestion in Australia: