1. Using AD/AS, describe the short-run and long-run effects of an increase in the money supply on the equilibrium level of production and the price level. Be sure to explain what happens to Total Expenditures (using the 3 effects of spending changes as a result of changes in the price level).
2. Using AD/AS, describe the short-run and long-run effects of an increase in the price of oil.
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Expert's answer
2011-12-09T08:50:09-0500
1. increase in money supply causes increase in aggregate demand and - in short run: equilibrium price rises from P0 to P1, output also rises from Q0 to Q1 and becomes above potential level (Q0), causing inflationary gap;
- in long run: because of inflationary gap and above level of output goes down from Q1 (long-run level) to Q0, prices goes up from P1 to P2, so we have new equilibrium (P2; Q0).
2. increase in price of oil causes increase of production costs. So aggregate supply: - in short run: decrease and output also decreases from Q0 to Q1, price increases from P0 to P1, but general output is under its potential level;
- in long run: output goes back to its potential level – increases from Q1 to Q0, price increases from P1 to P2, so we have general increase in prices because of increase in oil price.
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