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Economics of Enterprise
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Perhaps the most important step when developing forecasted financial statements is to determine the breakdown of common equity between common stock and retained earnings.
b. The first, and perhaps the most critical, step in forecasting financial requirements is to forecast future sales.
c. Forecasted financial statements, as discussed in the text, are used primarily as a part of the managerial compensation program, where management’s historical performance is evaluated.
d. The capital intensity ratio gives us an idea of the physical condition of the firm’s fixed assets.
e. The AFN equation produces more accurate forecasts than the forecasted financial statement method, especially if fixed assets are lumpy, economies of scale exist, or if excess capacity exists.
a. Perhaps the most important step when developing forecasted financial statements is to determine the breakdown of common equity between common stock and retained earnings.
b. The first, and perhaps the most critical, step in forecasting financial requirements is to forecast future sales.
c. Forecasted financial statements, as discussed in the text, are used primarily as a part of the managerial compensation program, where management’s historical performance is evaluated.
d. The capital intensity ratio gives us an idea of the physical condition of the firm’s fixed assets.
e. The AFN equation produces more accurate forecasts than the forecasted financial statement method, especially if fixed assets are lumpy, economies of scale exist, or if excess capacity exists.
Economics of Enterprise
01 Establish whether the following is a topic in macroeconomics or
microeconomics:
a) A consumer must decide how to reallocate spending as a result of a
10% increase in the price of food and no change in disposal income.
b) Purchases of durable goods fall as a result of deteriorating consumer
confidence.
c) Investment spending declines as a result of rising interest rates.
d) A firm contemplates the purchase of more technologically efficient
equipment as a result of a 20% increase in wages.
e) A cut in federal income taxes is expected to increase consumer
spending.
microeconomics:
a) A consumer must decide how to reallocate spending as a result of a
10% increase in the price of food and no change in disposal income.
b) Purchases of durable goods fall as a result of deteriorating consumer
confidence.
c) Investment spending declines as a result of rising interest rates.
d) A firm contemplates the purchase of more technologically efficient
equipment as a result of a 20% increase in wages.
e) A cut in federal income taxes is expected to increase consumer
spending.
Economics of Enterprise
When the price of good X falls from . 10 to . 9, the demand for good Y
increase from 20 Kg. to 25 Kg.
a) What is the cross elasticity of demand of good Y for good X?
b) Are goods X and Y compliments or substitutes?
increase from 20 Kg. to 25 Kg.
a) What is the cross elasticity of demand of good Y for good X?
b) Are goods X and Y compliments or substitutes?
Economics of Enterprise
5. Florida Car Wash is considering a new project whose data are shown below. The equipment to be used has a 3-year tax life, would be depreciated on a straight-line basis over the project’s 3-year life, and would have a zero salvage value after Year 3. No new working capital would be required. Revenues and other operating costs will be constant over the project’s life, and this is just one of the firm’s many projects, so any losses on it can be used to offset profits in other units. If the number of cars washed declined by 40% from the expected level, by how much would the project’s NPV decline? (Hint: Note that cash flows are constant at the Year 1 level, whatever that level is.)
WACC 10.0%
Net investment cost (depreciable basis) $60,000
Number of cars washed 2,800
Average price per car $25.00
Fixed op. cost (excl. deprec.) $10,000
Variable op. cost/unit (i.e., VC per car washed) $5.375
Annual depreciation $20,000
Tax rate 35.0%
a. $28,939
b. $30,462
c. $32,066
d. $33,753
e. $35,530
WACC 10.0%
Net investment cost (depreciable basis) $60,000
Number of cars washed 2,800
Average price per car $25.00
Fixed op. cost (excl. deprec.) $10,000
Variable op. cost/unit (i.e., VC per car washed) $5.375
Annual depreciation $20,000
Tax rate 35.0%
a. $28,939
b. $30,462
c. $32,066
d. $33,753
e. $35,530
Economics of Enterprise
4. Temple Corp. is considering a new project whose data are shown below. The equipment that would be used has a 3-year tax life, would be depreciated by the straight-line method over its 3-year life, and would have a zero salvage value. No new working capital would be required. Revenues and other operating costs are expected to be constant over the project’s 3-year life. What is the project’s NPV?
Risk-adjusted WACC 10.0%
Net investment cost (depreciable basis) $65,000
Straight-line deprec. rate 33.3333%
Sales revenues, each year $65,500
Operating costs (excl. deprec.), each year $25,000
Tax rate 35.0%
a. $15,740
b. $16,569
c. $17,441
d. $18,359
e. $19,325
Risk-adjusted WACC 10.0%
Net investment cost (depreciable basis) $65,000
Straight-line deprec. rate 33.3333%
Sales revenues, each year $65,500
Operating costs (excl. deprec.), each year $25,000
Tax rate 35.0%
a. $15,740
b. $16,569
c. $17,441
d. $18,359
e. $19,325
Economics of Enterprise
3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. If an asset is sold for less than its book value at the end of a project’s life, it will generate a loss for the firm, hence its terminal cash flow will be negative.
b. Only incremental cash flows are relevant in project analysis, the proper incremental cash flows are the reported accounting profits, and thus reported accounting income should be used as the basis for investor and managerial decisions.
c. It is unrealistic to believe that any increases in net working capital required at the start of an expansion project can be recovered at the project’s completion. Working capital like inventory is almost always used up in operations. Thus, cash flows associated with working capital should be included only at the start of a project’s life.
d. If equipment is expected to be sold for more than its book value at the end of a project’s life, this will result in a profit. In this case, despite taxes on the profit, the end-of-project cash flow will be greater than if the asset had been sold at book value, other things held constant.
e. Changes in net working capital refer to changes in current assets and current liabilities, not to changes in long-term assets and liabilities. Therefore, changes in net working capital should not be considered in a capital budgeting analysis.
a. If an asset is sold for less than its book value at the end of a project’s life, it will generate a loss for the firm, hence its terminal cash flow will be negative.
b. Only incremental cash flows are relevant in project analysis, the proper incremental cash flows are the reported accounting profits, and thus reported accounting income should be used as the basis for investor and managerial decisions.
c. It is unrealistic to believe that any increases in net working capital required at the start of an expansion project can be recovered at the project’s completion. Working capital like inventory is almost always used up in operations. Thus, cash flows associated with working capital should be included only at the start of a project’s life.
d. If equipment is expected to be sold for more than its book value at the end of a project’s life, this will result in a profit. In this case, despite taxes on the profit, the end-of-project cash flow will be greater than if the asset had been sold at book value, other things held constant.
e. Changes in net working capital refer to changes in current assets and current liabilities, not to changes in long-term assets and liabilities. Therefore, changes in net working capital should not be considered in a capital budgeting analysis.
Economics of Enterprise
2. Taussig Technologies is considering two potential projects, X and Y. In assessing the projects’ risks, the company estimated the beta of each project versus both the company’s other assets and the stock market, and it also conducted thorough scenario and simulation analyses. This research produced the following data:
Project X Project Y
Expected NPV $350,000 $350,000
Standard deviation (σNPV) $100,000 $150,000
Project beta (vs. market) 1.4 0.8
Correlation of the project cash flows with cash flows from currently existing projects. Cash flows are not correlated with the cash flows from existing projects. Cash flows are highly correlated with the cash flows from existing projects.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Project X has more stand-alone risk than Project Y.
b. Project X has more corporate (or within-firm) risk than Project Y.
c. Project X has more market risk than Project Y.
d. Project X has the same level of corporate risk as Project Y.
e. Project X has less market risk
Project X Project Y
Expected NPV $350,000 $350,000
Standard deviation (σNPV) $100,000 $150,000
Project beta (vs. market) 1.4 0.8
Correlation of the project cash flows with cash flows from currently existing projects. Cash flows are not correlated with the cash flows from existing projects. Cash flows are highly correlated with the cash flows from existing projects.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Project X has more stand-alone risk than Project Y.
b. Project X has more corporate (or within-firm) risk than Project Y.
c. Project X has more market risk than Project Y.
d. Project X has the same level of corporate risk as Project Y.
e. Project X has less market risk
Economics of Enterprise
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. An externality is a situation where a project would have an adverse effect on some other part of the firm’s overall operations. If the project would have a favorable effect on other operations, then this is not an externality.
b. An example of an externality is a situation where a bank opens a new office, and that new office causes deposits in the bank’s other offices to decline.
c. The NPV method automatically deals correctly with externalities, even if the externalities are not specifically identified, but the IRR method does not. This is another reason to favor the NPV.
d. Both the NPV and IRR methods deal correctly with externalities, even if the externalities are not specifically identified. However, the payback method does not.
e. Identifying an externality can never lead to an increase in the calculated NPV.
a. An externality is a situation where a project would have an adverse effect on some other part of the firm’s overall operations. If the project would have a favorable effect on other operations, then this is not an externality.
b. An example of an externality is a situation where a bank opens a new office, and that new office causes deposits in the bank’s other offices to decline.
c. The NPV method automatically deals correctly with externalities, even if the externalities are not specifically identified, but the IRR method does not. This is another reason to favor the NPV.
d. Both the NPV and IRR methods deal correctly with externalities, even if the externalities are not specifically identified. However, the payback method does not.
e. Identifying an externality can never lead to an increase in the calculated NPV.
Economics of Enterprise
5. A firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. The CEO wants to use the IRR criterion, while the CFO favors the NPV method. You were hired to advise the firm on the best procedure. If the wrong decision criterion is used, how much potential value would the firm lose?
WACC: 6.00%
Year 0 1 2 3 4
CFS -$1,025 $380 $380 $380 $380
CFL -$2,150 $765 $765 $765 $765
a. $188.68
b. $198.61
c. $209.07
d. $219.52
e. $230.49
WACC: 6.00%
Year 0 1 2 3 4
CFS -$1,025 $380 $380 $380 $380
CFL -$2,150 $765 $765 $765 $765
a. $188.68
b. $198.61
c. $209.07
d. $219.52
e. $230.49
Economics of Enterprise
3. Suppose a firm relies exclusively on the payback method when making capital budgeting decisions, and it sets a 4-year payback regardless of economic conditions. Other things held constant, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
a. It will accept too many short-term projects and reject too many long-term projects (as judged by the NPV).
b. It will accept too many long-term projects and reject too many short-term projects (as judged by the NPV).
c. The firm will accept too many projects in all economic states because a 4-year payback is too low.
d. The firm will accept too few projects in all economic states because a 4-year payback is too high.
e. If the 4-year payback results in accepting just the right set of projects under average economic conditions, then this payback will result in too few long-term projects when the economy is weak.
a. It will accept too many short-term projects and reject too many long-term projects (as judged by the NPV).
b. It will accept too many long-term projects and reject too many short-term projects (as judged by the NPV).
c. The firm will accept too many projects in all economic states because a 4-year payback is too low.
d. The firm will accept too few projects in all economic states because a 4-year payback is too high.
e. If the 4-year payback results in accepting just the right set of projects under average economic conditions, then this payback will result in too few long-term projects when the economy is weak.
