From 1993 to 2014, public expenditure as a proportion of GDP rose from 35% to around 42% in Japan, but fell from over 55% to below 50% in Italy.
Discuss possible reasons for an increase in the level of public expenditure as a proportion of GDP in an economy
Evaluate the likely economics effects of a reduction in the level of public expenditure as a proportion of GDP in Italy or another country of your choice.