According to Bertrand and Mullainathan (2003), ‘if African-Americans recognize how employers reward their skills, they may be rationally more reluctant than whites to even participate in these programs’. Critically reflect on the policy measures necessary to address labour market discrimination.
The ILO measures discrimination using four different approaches: the number of recorded cases, national comparisons of labor force outcome results between different classes, self-reported perceptions, and actual discriminatory behavior monitoring.
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