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For each reaction below, indicate in which direction the equilibrium shifts when the stated stress is applied to the system. Write R if the reaction shifts to the right, L if the reaction shifts to the left, or NC if there is no change.


A. Reaction: PCl5(g) <==> PCl3(g) + Cl2 + heat

Stress: temperature increase


B. Reaction: CO(g) + Fe3O4(s) <==> CO2(g) + 3FeO(s)

Stress: volume. Increase


C. Reaction: C2H2(g) + H2O(g) <==> CH3CHO(g) + heat

Stress: temperature decrease


D. Reaction: 2NO(g) + H2(g) <==> N20(g) + H2O(g) + heat

Stress: volume decrease


E. Reaction: Heat + H2(g) + l2(g) <==> 2Hl(g)

Stress: temperature decrease


F: H2(g) + Cl2(g) <==> 2HCl(g) + heat

Stress: volume decrease


At 773K, the reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) ==> 2NO2(g) produces the following concentrations:

[NO] = 3.49x10^-4 M; [O2] = 0.80 M; [NO2] = 0.25 M.


A. What is the equilibrium expression for the reaction? Show your work.


B. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction? Show your work.


Consider the reaction below at 25° C for which ΔS = 16.1 J/K. Show your work.

CH4 (g) + N2(g) + 163.8 kJ ==> HCN(g) + NH3(g)

At what temperature will this reaction be spontaneous?


For each of the following molecules, write the Lewis structure(s), predict the molecular structure (including bond angles), give expected hybrid orbitals on the central atom, and predict the overall polarity.



a. OF2 b. AsF5 c. IF5

Use the localised electron model to describe the bonding in hydrogen cyanide and phosgene (COCl2)




Titration of 0.2121 g of pure Na2C2O4 (134.00 g/mol) required 43.31 mL

of KMnO4.What is the molar concentration of the KMnO4 solution?


Titration of 0.2121 g of pure Na2C2O4 (134.00 g/mol) required 43.31 mL

of KMnO4.What is the molar concentration of the KMnO4 solution? The

chemical reaction is

2MnO4 + 5C2O4+ 16H* ->2Mn+ 10CO2+ 8H2O


Helium gas is contained inside a piston cylinder assembly as shown in the figure. Initially the gas is


having pressure 1 bar and volume 0.01 m3


. Then the current is supplied, and the gas is heated such


that the final pressure is 1.2 bar and the final volume is 0.0145 m3


. 10 % of the electrical energy


supplied to the gas is lost as heat from the cylinder. Determine the followings. If necessary, make


assumption(s) with justification.


(a) How long the current is supplied if process is ideal?


(b) How long the current is supplied if process is real?

describe the preparation of 900 ml of 3 M HNO3 from the commercial reagent that is 70.5% HNO3 (w/w) and has a specific gravity of 1.42


Use the localised electron model to describe the bonding in hydrogen cyanide and phosgene( COCL2)