Question

what are the main ingridients of synetic soap?what makes it hard?
sorry i have to ask, i need more researches for my thesis, this is an individual work in our college. i hope i can finish this so i could graduate. thankyou

Answer 1

what are the main ingridients of synetic soap?what makes it hard?

**Solution:** Synthetic soap main components are sodium salts of esters of highest alcohols and sulfuric acid.

Obtaining equations:

$$\begin{array}{l} \mathrm{R} - \mathrm{CH_2} - \mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{H} - \mathrm{O} - \mathrm{SO_2} - \mathrm{OH} = \mathrm{R} - \mathrm{CH_2} - \mathrm{O} - \mathrm{SO_2} - \mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{H_2O} \\ \mathrm{R} - \mathrm{CH_2} - \mathrm{O} - \mathrm{SO_2} - \mathrm{OH} + \mathrm{NaOH} = \mathrm{R} - \mathrm{CH_2} - \mathrm{O} - \mathrm{SO_2} - \mathrm{ONa} + \mathrm{H_2O} \\ \end{array}$$

The main components can be named:

1. Surfactants (sodium salts).

2. Complexing agents.

3. Regulators.

4. Bleach.

The esters are solid, because they are formed by saturated alcohols with a big amount of carbon atoms.