Answer to Question #169237 in Organic Chemistry for Sam

Question #169237

Analyse the effects of the monosubstituents -OH, -Cl, -NO2 and -CH3 on the benzene ring and predict how they direct an attacking species (such as NO2¬+, CH3+, Br2 and SO3) to either the 2, 3 or 4 positions on the ring during substitution. Include within this section, the names of substituted benzene compounds, indicating how the name is based upon the functional group(s) present and the different positions on the benzene ring..


1
Expert's answer
2021-03-08T06:05:10-0500

There are 2 types of substituents, donor type and accepting type. Donor type: OH, Cl, CH3. Accepting type: NO2, SO3H. Donor type substituents have a lone electrone pair, they donati it to the ring, and electrone density in positions 2 and 4 increase, so substitution undergoes in 2 and 4 positions. Accepting type take electrones from the ring, and the only possible position for substitution is 3.

For example: phenol reacting with NO2+ will form ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol. Nitrobenzene reacting with SO3 will form only metanitrobenzenesulfonic acid.


Need a fast expert's response?

Submit order

and get a quick answer at the best price

for any assignment or question with DETAILED EXPLANATIONS!

Comments

No comments. Be the first!

Leave a comment

LATEST TUTORIALS
New on Blog
APPROVED BY CLIENTS