Question

Compare the mechanisms for the following substitution and addition reactions of benzene:

o the Friedel-Crafts reaction 

o the sulfonation of benzene

o the chlorination of benzene 

o the hydrogenation benzene

You will need to illustrate and explain the reaction mechanism for each one, as well as the similarities and differences that exist between them

Answer 1

1) Friedel-Crafts reaction 

2) Sulfonation of benzene

3) Chlorination of benzene 

4) Hydrogenation benzene

All reactions 1-3 have the same mechanism, it is called Electrophilic aromatic substitution (S_EAr), that is why all of them are similar. At the same time hydrogenation mechanism is different: it is addition reaction.