Question

The handbook must next have a section on mechanisms, in which you will construct and analyze an example of each of the following reaction mechanism types:

• Addition e.g. aldehyde or ketone with HCN

• Substitution e.g. halogenoalkane with aqueous NaOH

• Elimination e.g. halogenoalkane with ethanolic NaOH

• Addition-elimination e.g. aldehyde or ketone with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

This section must explore and interpret the similarities and differences between each of the four mechanisms

Answer 1

Addition Reaction

$C_2H_4 + H_2 \to C_2H_6$

Ethene + Hydrogen gives ethane through a process called catalytic hydrogenation

Substitution Reaction

$CH_4 + Cl_2 \to CH_3Cl + HCl$

In ultraviolet light , methane reacts with Chlorine to produce Chloromethane and Hydrogen Chloride

Elimination Reaction

$C_2H_5Cl \to C_2H_4$

In the presence of NaOH, Ethanol and Heat, Chloroethane is oxidized to Ethene.

Addition-elimination reaction

$C_6H_4Br.F + Mg + Ether \to Gringard \to C_6H_4+ MgBrF$