Answer to Question #154255 in Organic Chemistry for 123

Question

1, Describe the difference between the Rutherford model of the atom and the Bohr- Rutherford model of the atom. 

2,What is meant by the phrase, “the energy of an electron in a given orbital is quantized” 

Answer 1

1.

The Rutherford model and the Rutherford-Bohr model (also called the Bohr Model) are very similar.

Rutherford's was although slightly basic than Bohr's. He imagined a very small positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons.

Bohr developed his model yet more. He realised that the ‘cloud’ of electrons would quickly collapse into the nucleus so he imagined the electrons orbiting in ‘shells’ (aka energy shells, electron shells etc.) and each shell having a set, fixed energy.

So in summary,

The Rutherford Model shows an atom with electrons orbiting a fixed, positively charged nucleus in set, predictable paths.

The Bohr model shows electrons travel in defined circular orbits around the nucleus.

2.

Quantized energy of an electron means that the electron can only possess certain discrete energy values. Values between quantized values are therefore not allowed.

Bohr was the first to recognize this idea and used it in explaining the emission spectra of hydrogen.