Answer to Question #125493 in Organic Chemistry for John

Question

How is the alcohol breath analyzer apply in checking and control driving while intoxication? (maximum of 6 lines) (5 marks) Mark 4. State five applications of phenol in the laboratory? (5 marks) Mark 5. Write short notes on the classifications of alcohols in the context of organic chemistry (maximum of 15 lines) (9 marks) Mark 6. Outline the IUPAC guidelines in naming of Ethers in organic chemistry (5 marks) Mark

Answer 1

1. 

Drivers are initially tested for alcohol impairment at the roadside with a screening device. If this produces a positive test, evedential breath testing is performed at the police station. Motorists can be stopped and required to take a breath test by police at the scene of a road traffic accident, if a police officer suspects a motorist may be driving under the influence of alcohol, or if a motorist commits a moving traffic offence.

Alcohol breath-testing devices use the amount of alcohol in exhaled breath to calculate the amount of alcohol in a person's blood, also known as blood alcohol concentration (BAC). ... When a person drinks alcohol, it goes into the stomach and small intestine and is quickly absorbed in the blood.

2.

The major uses of phenol, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics in  laboratory.

Phenol was once widely used as an antiseptic Medical laboratory ..

Concentrated phenol liquids are commonly used for permanent treatment of ingrown toe and finger nails Medical laboratory .

  It is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry  laboratory .

Phenol is used for  removal of epoxy, polyurethane  in  laboratory .

3 .

Alcohol classification is an application of the neutral bonding patterns for organic compounds. Oxygen can only form two bonds. The alcohol functional group requires that one of these bonds form with hydrogen to create the hydroxyl group and the other bond needs to be with carbon to create an alcohol. All of the oxygen atoms of all the alcohols look the same, so a different distinction is needed. To classify alcohols, we look at the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group.

methyl alcohol = no (0) other carbon atoms (CH₃OH)

primary alcohols (1°) = 1 other carbon atoms

secondary alcohols (2°) = 2 other carbon atom

tertiary alcohols (3°) = 3 other carbon atoms

Primary alcohols

In a primary (1°) alcohol, the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group. Some examples of primary alcohols include:

Notice that it doesn't matter how complicated the attached alkyl group is. In each case there is only one linkage to an alkyl group from the CH2 group holding the -OH group. There is an exception to this. Methanol, CH3OH, is counted as a primary alcohol even though there are no alkyl groups attached to the carbon with the -OH group on it.

Secondary alcohols

In a secondary (2°) alcohol, the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to two alkyl groups, which may be the same or different.

Tertiary alcohols

In a tertiary (3°) alcohol, the carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to three alkyl groups, which may be any combination of same or different.

4.

IUPAC nomenclature of ethers follows different guidelines. According to IUPAC naming, a substituent group containing more carbon atoms is chosen as parent hydrocarbon. The other substituent group attached to the oxygen atom is named with a prefix “oxy”. For example, CH₃OC₂H₅ is named as 1-methoxy ethane. .