Answer to Question #120686 in Organic Chemistry for Joy

Question

Explain the principle involved in the separation of components of a mixture of liquids by using fractionating column. What industrial application does this process have?

Answer 1

Solution.

Rectification-separation of substances by fractional distillation in the form of a continuous process in which the condensation and distillation of individual fractions is automated. The basic principle is as follows: the distillation solution enters the middle plate and flows down the tube to the plate below. On this plate, the rastor meets the steam bubbling through tubes equipped with caps that provide contact between the steam and the liquid. In this case, part of the less volatile component passes into a liquid, and the more volatile component passes into steam. As a result, the steam rises higher on the plates, thereby being enriched with a more volatile component. And the liquid flows down the plates enriched with a less volatile component. And this happens on every plate. This process is used in the separation of oil and petroleum products into fractions, concentration of the substance in solution, cleaning of reagents, increasing the yield of the product in organic synthesis.

Answer:

Rectification-separation of substances by fractional distillation in the form of a continuous process in which the condensation and distillation of individual fractions is automated. The basic principle is as follows: the distillation solution enters the middle plate and flows down the tube to the plate below. On this plate, the rastor meets the steam bubbling through tubes equipped with caps that provide contact between the steam and the liquid. In this case, part of the less volatile component passes into a liquid, and the more volatile component passes into steam. As a result, the steam rises higher on the plates, thereby being enriched with a more volatile component. And the liquid flows down the plates enriched with a less volatile component. And this happens on every plate. This process is used in the separation of oil and petroleum products into fractions, concentration of the substance in solution, cleaning of reagents, increasing the yield of the product in organic synthesis.