Answer to Question #84579 in Inorganic Chemistry for Sk Abidur Rahaman

Question #84579
Differentiate between equivalent & non-equivalent hybrid orbitals with specific example of each.
1
Expert's answer
2019-01-28T05:16:49-0500

1. Equivalent hybridisation

Equivalent hybridization is a type of hybridization in which all hybrid orbitals are of same shape, size and energy. All bond angles are the same. For example sp3 hybridisation (molecule of CH4): one s and three p orbitals mix to form 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals having the same shape (tetraherdal), size, energy, and bond angle (10928'):

Tetrahedral sp3 bounding in methane

2. Non-eqiuvalent orbitals

In Non Equivalent Hybridization all hybrid orbitals do not have the same shape, size and energy. Bond angles are also different. For example molecule of PCl5. Hybridization is sp3d

Two types of orbiatal geometry are posiible in this case:

i) trigonal bipyramidal

In this case two types of hybrid orbitals are formed: three equivalent orbitals developed from s+px + py, which lie in the equivalent plane, bond algle between orbitals is 120 and two equivalent orbitals developed form pz and dz2 , which lie in the axial plane, bond angle between orbitals is 1800 .

ii) square pyramidal

In this case two types of hybrid orbitals are formed: four equivalent orbitals developed from s+px + py + dx2-y2 and one pure pz orbital, which lie perpendicular to the xy-plane

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