Why is [Ca] 3d^3 is not a valid configuration?
The appearance of 4s-electrons in the presence of free 3d-orbitals due to
screening core by dense 3s^23p^6-electron layer. Due to the repulsion from the
layer of outer electrons for calcium realizes the [Ar] 4s^2-state. So 3d^3 is
not a valid configuration. The valid configuration is [Ca] 4s^2.
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